Thursday, 28 September 2023

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本社要求内政部撤回更正指示 遭高庭驳回

新加坡内政部于22日援引《防止网络假信息和防止网络操纵法案》(POFMA),对于马国捍卫自由律师团(LHL)、《网络公民》、雅虎新闻以及新闻工作者韩俐颖,发出更正指示。

本社已向内政部长尚穆根要求撤回指示,不过被部长驳回,为此本社在上月28日转向高庭上诉。即便准备法庭文件,都需要989元六角的费用,约占了本社运营成本的10巴仙。

昨日(19日)高庭作出判决,驳回本社的申请,高庭法官洪素燕(Belinda Ang)称本社的辩驳出现“两个严重错误”,首先误以为在《防假消息法》下对于“陈述”(Statement)还有其他诠释,实则在该法第17项下只有两种:“事实(fact)”和“意见(opinion)”

至于其他理智人士阅读本社有关报导,都会以为那是“事实陈述”。故此法官裁定本社在这一论点的辩述失败。

上月16日,本社报导捍卫自由律师团发表一篇新闻稿,指责樟宜监狱以残酷和不合法方式处决囚犯。包括本社、雅虎新闻以及马国主流媒体,都有报导上述律师组织的声明。

本社在申诉中强调,报导中已对资讯作出均衡报导,也强调那是来自上述组织的的第三方指控,且本社亦有向内政部求证,惟未获得后者核实。

根据判决书,法官也认为本社应证实有关陈述的真实性,而不是由被告(指内政部)证实。

在《防假消息法》第17(5)项下,如有关人士未在新加坡传播有关陈述、有关陈述不是事实陈述/确实是真相,又或者技术上无法发出更正指示,高庭才可裁决撤回指示。

总检察署的论点是,内政部长对本社发出的更正指示,是针对有关樟宜监狱行刑手法的指控。且本社未能提出任何证据,来抵消举证的责任。

对此法官认为,本社的“举报辩护”(reporting defence)是基于对有关陈述的误解。

此外,在《防假消息法》第11(4)项之下,只要有关人士在新加坡传播虚假事实,即便他并不知道/或者没有理由断定有关消息是虚假的。

故此,法官认为即便本社并不清楚,有关捍卫自由律师团的声明是否属实,也“无实质性的考量”。

再者,法官洪素燕认为,“举报辩护”可能会“阻挠”(frustrate)订立《防假消息法》以作预防的目的。

她解释,在《防假消息法》第5(a)项和第11(4)项,不仅针对“制造消息者”,也针对“消息传播者”,这意味着传播假消息者的诚实、不知情或无辜,并不在考量范围。

故此,本社单纯报导捍卫自由律师团,却未证实声明的真实性,并不能当作辩护。

在有关举证的问题,法官认为本社未能履行证实消息真伪的法律和证据责任。

不过法官有要求樟宜监狱局运营管理总监的宣誓书,并表示“不质疑总监提出的证据”。

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