Biden authorises Ukraine to use U.S. long-range missiles as North Korea bolsters Russian forces

UNITED STATES: President Joe Biden has authorised Ukraine to use U.S.-supplied long-range Army Tactical Missile Systems (ATACMS) for strikes deeper into Russian territory. The move represents a significant shift in U.S. policy, coming amid escalating tensions as Russia deploys thousands of North Korean troops to reinforce its efforts in the war, according to U.S. officials and sources familiar with the matter. The decision was disclosed following discussions at the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) summit in Peru, where North Korea’s support for Russia was a central topic. This marks the first time Kyiv has been permitted to target deeper into Russia using advanced U.S. weaponry, addressing months of appeals from Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskyy and Western allies. The policy change coincides with the election victory of Donald Trump, who has pledged to bring an end to the war but remains ambiguous about his commitment to Ukraine’s defence. Trump’s stance has fuelled concern among NATO allies, with fears that his administration could pressure Kyiv into territorial concessions favouring Russia.

North Korea joins Russia's campaign

Russia has increasingly relied on foreign assistance to sustain its war effort. North Korea has sent as many as 12,000 troops, according to U.S., South Korean, and Ukrainian assessments. These forces are reportedly stationed along Ukraine’s northern border, where Russian President Vladimir Putin aims to reclaim areas lost to Ukrainian advances earlier this year. North Korea’s involvement also extends to significant shipments of munitions to replenish Russia’s dwindling arsenal. The strategic partnership highlights Moscow’s determination to shift the momentum in its favour. The recent attacks on Ukraine suggest that Russia is ramping up its offensive. A missile strike on a nine-storey building in Sumy, near the Russian border, left at least eight people dead, while a massive drone and missile assault targeted Ukraine’s energy infrastructure. Officials have described these attacks as the most extensive in recent months, raising fears of a severe winter energy crisis.

Biden’s cautious but consequential decision

The Biden administration’s reluctance to escalate the conflict by providing certain advanced weapons has long been a point of contention. Early refusals to supply tanks, F-16 fighter jets, and Patriot air defence systems frustrated Kyiv and its allies. However, Biden’s decision to approve ATACMS marks a turning point, albeit with lingering concerns over provoking a broader conflict with nuclear-armed Russia. The supply of ATACMS is limited, but military experts argue that even a handful of long-range strikes could disrupt Russian deployments and stretch their resources. The U.S. had previously restricted Ukraine’s use of American weaponry for strikes just across the border, fearing escalation. Zelenskyy’s response to the news was measured, reflecting the gravity of the ongoing crisis. Following the Sumy attack, he condemned efforts to negotiate with Putin, stating, “And this is the answer to everyone who tried to achieve something with Putin through talks, phone calls, hugs, and appeasement.”

Implications for Ukraine's allies

NATO allies are divided over the escalation risk versus the necessity of empowering Ukraine to deter further Russian aggression. The debate has intensified with Trump’s victory, as his administration may pivot U.S. policy towards a negotiated settlement potentially unfavourable to Ukraine. The U.S. has been Ukraine’s largest military backer, contributing over US$56.2 billion in security aid since Russia’s invasion in February 2022. The prospect of reduced American support has spurred calls among NATO nations for a more unified and independent approach to aid Kyiv.

UN’s call for peace

Meanwhile, United Nations Secretary-General Antonio Guterres urged for “fair peace” while emphasising the importance of preventing further deterioration of the war. His comments came as world leaders gathered for the G20 summit in Rio de Janeiro. As the conflict escalates, Biden’s decision to expand Ukraine’s military capabilities reflects growing pressure on the U.S. to counter Russia’s resurgence, especially with North Korea’s involvement. The long-term consequences, however, remain uncertain as the international community weighs the risks of further escalation against the potential for peace.