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点出数关键问题 殷吉星吁勿轻易落实《防假消息法》

by 蓝桑
03/05/2019
in 新闻, 法律, 观点
Reading Time: 1 min read
0

对于打击网络假消息,前人民行动党法律顾问兼国会议员殷吉星(Inderjit Singh)表示,新加坡可能在这方面领先多国,但前提是将《防止网络假信息和网络操纵法案》“做对”(done right)。

殷吉星曾于1996年至2015年期间,担任国会议员,这些年也身兼多职,包括担任财政部以及贸易和工业部的国会委员会(Government Parliamentary Committee)。

根据他5月1日刊登于《南华早报》文章中,殷吉星指《防假消息法》是虽合乎时宜,但他提醒政府不应轻视各界提出的忧虑,推行这草案的风险很高,且涉及面极广,会带来深远影响。

多个公民社会组织和专家,此前已发声发表达他们的关注,认为《防假消息法》赋予的过大权利、模糊定义的条款等,将会对言论自由产生影响。

殷吉星虽认同,部长应对假消息作出迅速决定,但他也提醒新草案提供的追索上诉权益仍不足。如果涉事者要上诉,却必须向下令采取行动的部长提呈,间中无可避免会出现偏差。

上诉程序需简易可负担得起

再者,人们也质疑向法庭上诉的程序,这对很多人来说都是经济负担。

就这些问题,殷吉星建议,设立独立委员会来审查上诉案件,而不应由让部长本身来负责。

至于法庭程序上,他建议政府设立一个易于理解、快速和人们负担得起的快速法庭程序。“这将向公众保证,政府认真对待公民的合法权利。”

他指出,内政部长兼律政部长尚穆根保证法院程序将会快速且付费相对便宜的,但是他补充,在立法上也应反映这一点。

提供网上表格法律协助

他建议上诉表格应易于理解,并且提供网上申请,让国民可以在没有律师的帮助下填写表格。

他也建议为有需要律师服务的国民提供帮助,并向律师协会寻求帮助。

惩罚不可过重或太轻

殷吉星也指出,严苛的惩罚将可能导致那些愿意为公共利益而提出反对观点的人们保持沉默,产生寒蝉效应。

“如果惩罚包括了巨额罚款和监禁,那么将可能导致人民不愿说话,间接限制了言论自由。”

他建议不要对首次犯罪者,进行繁重的惩罚,应该在说出来与言论自由和散播假消息的代价之间,取得平衡。

他表示,由于没有修正案,拟议的《防假消息法》结构将倾向于引起了一些可能抑制言论自由的恐惧。

设委会进行民调

在草拟《防假消息法》之前,成立一个国会委员会,以便征求国民的意见。殷吉星评论说,与公众、民间组织、学术界和所有的政党进行第二轮磋商是必要的,并且将肯定有关法案是强而有力且被广泛接受的,并且他补充道,该法案可以发送给另一个国会委员会,以便进一步审查。

“希望各方能够聚在一起,深入研究草拟的法案并提出切实可行的建议。在成为正式法案之前,花时间将这个影响深远的法案做好,是明智之举。”

殷吉星指出,如果把草案“做得对”,将让新加坡成为全球打击假新闻的领头羊。惟他表示,若处理不当,尽管持有良好意图来解决这一具挑战性课题,政府也将会面对失去人民信任的可能。

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