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狮城年长者自杀个案增长

by Yee Loon
31/07/2018
in 新闻, 社区
Reading Time: 1 min read
0

根据新加坡援人协会(Samaritans of Singapore, 简称SOS)统计,2017年的自杀案为361宗,是自2012年以来最低。然而60岁以上年长者的自杀率个案增长,达到129宗,却是历年来最高。

上述数据几乎是2011年年长者自杀案的一倍有余,其增长趋势引起关注。

从2012至2016年,每10万居民的自杀死亡率为9.14人,在去年则降至7.74人。

执行长黄丽娟忧虑,原本应安享晚年的年长者,却选择以自杀结束痛苦和生活挣扎。新加坡人口老龄化,也对现今社会辅助体系带来新挑战。他认为,随着独居老人人数增长,我国迫切需要更有效的社会支持网络。

根据求助者接触援人协会服务的管道,表明有必要对60岁或以上年长者给与更多关注。该协会观察发现,年长群体较倾向拨打24小时电话热线。在这些愿透露年龄的拨电者中,有23巴仙来自60岁以上群体(2017年)。

然而,年长者拨电的次数从2016年的6千904通,降至去年的5千652通,下降了18巴仙。有鉴于较高的年长者自杀率,以上数据也引起黄丽娟关注。她认为,需要找出为何该群体不向援人协会求助,例如是否他们找到其他的援助管道。

在援人协会的文告也指出,这些求助的年长拨电者,在通话中提及的问题,包括:与社会脱节、担心自己成为亲人朋友的负担、身体老化或精神健康恶化影响日常生活。

忽视年长者精神健康   易致社会孤立感

当这些煎熬没人注意、未获解决,易促使孤立的年长者陷入忧郁或产生自杀念头。

“过去,我们的醒觉教育主要针对较精于科技和活跃社交群体的青年和成年人,该年龄群的自杀率也有下降。这同时也是各个社会服务伙伴,如教育部、卫生部、综合护理机构、学校、精神健康机构、青年组织和社会群体的共同努力。”

黄丽娟说,尽管上述年龄群体死亡人数下降,但社会或个人援助组织仍需加把劲,不应误解自杀率稍微下降对于青年自杀预防和意识回带来影响。

她补充,对于年长者群体,可能他们不知道可以接触哪些求助资源,这也令他们感到无助和加强了社会孤立感。“除了加强接触年长者,我们也将继续教育他们身边亲属或看护者,提升对年长者精神健康的认识和预防。”

年度自杀率统计,也反映普通新加坡公民所面对现实生活的煎熬。自杀仍被视作禁忌,往往被社群所忽视。不过援人协会欣慰,有更多青年勇于表达他们的真实想法。

另一方面,文告中也透露,黄丽娟也在本月31日卸下援人协会执行长一职。过去是十年她致力为预防自杀努力,她也是援人协会1969年成立以来,服务时间第二久的执行长。

援人协会感谢黄丽娟对社群作出的显著贡献。后者欣慰该协会同仁的努力能为社群带来成果。“自杀可以预防,全体同仁和自愿者仍将继续努力,为陷入低潮者搭把手。预防自杀是不间断的工作,我们的焦点在于让他们看到希望。”

年长者面对财务、生活压力

至于本地英文媒体《新报》针对年长者自杀课题,采访名为哈米达的69岁老妇人,后者提及曾有同龄朋友提及自杀。“我有邻居曾透露生活失去意义,因为孩子不再探望她。身边已没有多少亲友留下,加上没有足够钱财饱足自己,生活是渺茫的。”

退休的哈米达告诉《新报》,她也曾有类似想法,但努力让自己把生活焦点转移到事情,例如养猫。她认为,老者不应完全独立生活。

65岁的鞋匠杨慕义(译音),透露自己也面对财务问题。“对于许多生活资源匮乏的长者,甚至不能保障自己的三餐,很容易产生轻生念头。”

《新报》采访一名拥有25年经验的心理医生卡罗巴赫切,后者指出年长者自杀问题由来已久,特别是现今许多年长者独居,使得问题更严重。“他们产生轻生念头,视之为解脱煎熬的方法,避免造成家人负担。”

根据援人协会数据,有3千886年长妇女拨电向该协会求助,比起1千766明男性长者多。巴赫切认为,这是因为妇女较倾向对外求助,而男性往往把问题留给自己,尝试独自面对问题。

“年长者的自尊心更强,他们甚至选择死亡来捍卫自己的尊严。我们有必要采取更积极手段来协助他们。”

如自身或发现身边有陷入情绪困境,或自杀倾向的亲友民众,可直接拨打新加坡援人协会(SOS)24小时热线:1800-221-4444

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