Myanmar’s new cybersecurity law faces widespread criticism over threats to fundamental freedoms

The ASEAN Parliamentarians for Human Rights (APHR) has strongly opposed Myanmar's newly revived Cybersecurity Law, labelling it a draconian measure that threatens fundamental freedoms. The law, expected to take effect next week, has drawn international criticism for its potential to suppress dissent, stifle free expression, and undermine privacy. The law, which comprises 16 chapters and 88 articles, grants Myanmar’s military council extensive control over online activities. Among its controversial provisions is the criminalisation of Virtual Private Network (VPN) use, with offenders facing up to six months in prison and fines. VPNs, which allow users to bypass internet censorship, are widely used in Myanmar to access social media, media outlets, and educational resources blocked by the regime. According to APHR Co-Chairperson Mercy Chriesty Barends, the law contradicts Myanmar's constitution, which guarantees rights to free expression and privacy. "This legislation is designed to eliminate opposition and solidify the junta's grip on power," Barends said. She emphasised the APHR's solidarity with Myanmar's activists, journalists, and civil society groups who face increasing threats under the law. The junta has justified the law as a measure to combat cyberattacks, cybercrimes, and illegal activities such as online gambling linked to organised crime. However, digital rights experts argue that its true purpose is to tighten surveillance and control. U Han, a member of the Myanmar Internet Project, described the law as prioritising suppression over protection. "This bill is a weapon to suppress cyber freedom, digital rights, and internet access, fundamental human rights that underpin education, business, and other socio-economic freedoms," he said.

Sweeping powers and chilling provisions

The law mandates digital platform service providers to retain user data for up to three years and disclose it to authorities upon request. It also penalises the circulation of content deemed "disinformation" or "rumours" by the military, enabling the junta to blacklist platforms and shutter services it views as threats. Furthermore, penalties extend to individuals accessing, storing, or sharing banned materials, even outside Myanmar’s borders. Charles Santiago, APHR Co-Chairperson and former Malaysian MP, criticised the law's invasive monitoring and forced data handovers. "This legislation institutionalises mass surveillance and violates the constitutional guarantees of privacy and free expression. It represents an escalation of the junta’s abuses," he said. Since the military coup in February 2021, Myanmar’s junta has escalated efforts to control information, detaining journalists, revoking broadcasting licenses, and blocking websites. The Cybersecurity Law is viewed as the culmination of these efforts, raising concerns about the junta’s ability to silence pro-democracy voices.

Calls for regional and global resistance

Arlene D. Brosas, an APHR Board Member and Philippine lawmaker, urged regional and international communities to oppose the law. "This measure was shelved in previous years due to overwhelming resistance. The current draft is no better. It demands urgent resistance from both the region and the global community," she stated. Rangsiman Rome, APHR Board Member and Thai MP, called for the immediate repeal of the law. "This oppressive measure tightens the junta's grip on power and suffocates freedoms. Myanmar’s people deserve a future where their rights and voices are protected," he said.

A plea for global action

APHR is urging governments, media outlets, and human rights organisations worldwide to denounce the Cybersecurity Law and exert diplomatic pressure on the junta. Critics warn that without international intervention, the law will devastate Myanmar's online civic space, obstructing access to information, freedom of expression, and pro-democracy movements. "This law must be repealed without delay," said Barends. "Myanmar’s people deserve a safe and open digital environment to express themselves and work towards a just and free society." The revived Cybersecurity Law has reignited global concerns about Myanmar’s deteriorating human rights situation, highlighting the need for unified resistance against the junta’s oppressive measures.