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资媒局受委执行机关 《防假消息法》今起生效

by Yee Loon
02/10/2019
in 新闻, 时事, 法律, 言论自由
Reading Time: 2 mins read
0

根据政府电子宪报上的资料,依据《防止网络假信息和防止网络操纵法案》第6(1)条文,通讯与新闻部长已委任资讯通信媒体发展局(IMDA),为执行上述法令的主管机关( Competent Authority),并在今日起(10月2日)生效。

这意味着,《防假消息法》将在今日起正式运作,打击网络蓄意传播的假消息。

今年4月1日,《防假消息法》正式提呈国会,并在5月8日,经过两天的激辩,晚上10时20分结束前,以72票赞成,九票反对,三票弃权三读通过。

人民行动党72议员投下赞成票,工人党的六名议员:毕丹星、林瑞莲、刘程强、方荣发、陈硕茂和费沙,三名非选区议员:贝理安、吴佩松和陈立峰则投下反对票。

6月3日,提呈予哈莉玛总统批准,并在6月25日发布于宪报,在本地司法网页等都可搜寻《防假消息法》全文。

《防假消息法》备受争议

该法自提呈国会以来即备受争议,不仅政界人士,包括国内外学术界、媒体、公民组织等都已对该法提出质疑。

任何部长都长或政府部门,都可以委任一个“主管当局”(Competent Authority)来执法。媒体研究学者施仁乔教授(Cherian George)形容,这种权限是很罕见的,因为一般仅让特定部长有法律权限。

再者,也没有安排监督机构,来监管如何裁定消息真伪。

防止假消息法允许部长对媒体机构/网站或个人发出更正指示,基本上足以下命令把所谓“虚假”的内容完全删掉。

甚至,部长还可以发出“终止通讯”指示,阻止相关个体或单位继续传播有关消息。发出这样的指令,甚至媒体人都没有机会去求证和更正消息。

虽然,律政部长和政府一再向公众保障,防止假消息法不会被滥用,但是学者警告,除非法案中有白纸黑字明文规定,否则历史一再证明“人非圣贤”,最好不要“很傻很天真”地以为,不会有一些耍流氓的政客会试图滥用此法。

与此同时,法案给与部长相当大的自由度,来决定更正或删除消息的期限。

而包括律政部长尚穆根和律政高级政务部长唐振辉等人,都一再捍卫法案仅针对“危害公共利益的假消息”,不会针对任何批评、意见和评论,不会钳制言论自由。

在《防假消息法》下,恶意散播假消息、损害公共利益者,可被判坐牢长达10年、罚款最高10万元。新法案赋予政府更大权力,可强制发出假消息的个人/网路平台,更正或撤下假新闻。不愿遵守指示的机构,可被判罚款高达100万元。

该法附设让当事者可提出上诉,可上网填写申请表格并提交发出指示的部长;如有关部长不同意撤销指示,当事者才能向高庭上诉,申请原诉传票(originating summons),费用为200元。高庭最快可在当事方挑战部长后的九个工作日内展开聆讯,聆讯首三日不收费。

公民组织表忧虑

本地公民在4月28日,在芳林公园齐聚表达对该法的关注;本地前任和现役的主流及网络媒体从业员,担忧新法将进一步侵害言论自由,打击媒体从业员的工作。同时认为政府未珍视新兴数码新闻行业,理应更积极与媒体从业员联手抗衡假消息。再者,也可能令政府问责遭削弱。

科技巨头则担忧《防假消息法》将为未来科技创新带来负面效果;人权观察(Human Rights Watch)亚洲区副主任菲尔.罗宾逊(Phil Robertson)认为近日通过的《防假消息法》是对许多网络新闻的致命一击,也促使东南亚国家的网络自由产生寒蝉效应。

国际法律家委员会(International Commission of Jurists),在今年4月中旬致函我国领导李显龙及其阁僚,表达对我国《防止网络假消息及网络操纵》草案的高度关注,认为该法案“定义笼统”,在很多方面都不符合国际司法标准。

曾著作《自我审查:新加坡耻辱》的学者高梅兹直言,目前新加坡处在的时期,形同在“律法恐怖之治”(reign of legal terror)之下,而《防假消息法》的通过,仍是当权者利用恶法贯彻“司法统治”(legal reign)的延续。

他补充,“律法恐怖之治”下,有不公平法律,还有落实恶法、且有“免死金牌”的人士。这种情况和当年台湾的“白色恐怖”有相似之处。

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