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WHO:自杀人数每年近80万,平均每40秒一人自杀

by 林殊
10/09/2019
in 人情冷暖, 国际, 新闻
Reading Time: 1 min read
0

Yong is expected to be executed in two weeks. Andrew Loh.

今天(10日)是“世界预防自杀日”,世界卫生组织昨日发表最新研究,表示每年自杀人数接近80万,意味着平均每40秒就有一人死于自杀,比起死于战争、凶杀及乳癌的人数还多。

世卫表示,尽管2010-2016的自杀率维持在每10万人中约有10.5宗自杀个案,但因整体人口有所增长,所以实际死于自杀人数并没有太多的变动。

报告指出,其中15至29岁的年轻人,自杀成为第二大死亡原因,仅次于交通意外,超过一半的自杀人士,平均年龄不到45岁。报告提到,虽然世界上近八成自杀个案,发生在低收入和中等收入国家,但论自杀率,高收入国家的比例更高。

世卫表示,目前仅38个国家制定自杀预防策略,仍然太少,并呼吁所有国家将自杀预防策略纳入卫生和教育规划,同时也建议各国应限制民众获得高度危险的农药的机率。

我国少年自杀率创新高

今年7月,新加坡援人协会(Samaritans of Singapore, 简称SOS)统计,去年共94青少年选择走上自杀的路,每10个青少年外部原因死亡案件中,有6起是自杀案件。其中,去年少年(10-19岁)的自杀率是自1991年以来创新高,约19起自杀身亡案件,比起2017年七宗,增长170巴仙。

由此而言,自杀很可能会出现在身边,无奈的是,对于自杀的认知却并不高,存在“无法承受压力”的刻板印象。如同一般疾病,自杀也会出现一些征兆,援人协会于2018年短篇介绍自杀中提及分辨其自杀征兆,可以先问问当事人,究竟他经历了什么事,放下对自杀的成见,搞清楚疑似自杀者的困难。

可能是因为感情上的挫折、考试的压力或者工作上遇到困难,都很有可能让当事人深陷忧郁,只有厘清他们正面临的危机,才有办法意识到他们自杀倾向。

自杀征兆可通过外显行为如当事人的言语、行为举止、心情情绪去辨别可能存在自杀倾向的可能。

言语

  • 担心成为别人的负担,例如说出,“我的家人如果没有我会更好”
  • 感觉到自己被困住和无法脱离痛苦而说出,“我已经觉得我的生活毫无意义”
  • 自杀威胁,“如果你不在爱我,我会去自杀”

行为

  • 将自己的财产安排好并和身边的人道别
  • 寻找自杀的方式
  • 写下遗书包括电子邮件、日记或部落格

心情

  • 情绪极度失控(包括生气、难过、烦躁与冲动)
  • 对所有事情失去兴趣
  • 感到羞辱或焦虑

SOS 表示,家人和朋友是最有可能看出自杀倾向的人,所以呼吁民众多注意和支持身边可能正在经历困难的人,因为你没发现可疑迹象并不代表自杀将不存在。

自杀者往往都是活在极痛苦的状况,备受煎熬,对未来看不到出路,甚至是失去希望到绝望,致使他们对生存的压力大于死亡的恐惧才会走向这条不归路。 因此,我们除了将问题归因于自杀者以外,也应如同援人协会所呼吁,社会应适时拥抱与支持正经历低潮的人,减少偏见,多些聆听。

如自身或发现身边有陷入情绪困境,或自杀倾向的亲友民众,可直接拨打新加坡援人协会(SOS)24小时热线:1800-221-4444

图源自网络
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