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去年出生率跌八年来最低点 政策、生活成本皆影响生育意愿

by 蓝桑
22/07/2019
in 新闻, 时事
Reading Time: 1 min read
0

去年我国婴儿出生率降到八年来的最低点,加剧人口老化问题。

据移民及关卡局2018年出生死亡统计显示,去年共登记了3万9039名新生儿,比2017年减少了1.5巴仙。

该报告也指出去年的死亡人数增加了1.8巴仙,从2017年的2万零905人增加到2万1282人。

人口老龄化意味着自1998年死亡人数到达1万5657人后,死亡人数一直呈上升趋势。

我国的总生育率也从2017年的1.16,降到去年的1.14,远低于国际上认可的育龄妇女平均生2.1个孩子的生育率。

根据经济学人智库(EIU)发布的2019年全球生活成本指数,新加坡连续5年成为全球生活成本最高的城市,新加坡居民在租房购房、医药、汽车价格等方面的花销,平均比纽约居民高出约七巴仙。

总理办公室在2016年的婚姻和家庭育子普查,有61巴仙受访者提及,经济能力因素是导致他们不想要、或不想多生孩子的主要原因。然而,过去仍有行动党议员如宏茂桥集选区议员杰乐(Darryl David),在访谈时指“从未有人告诉他,因为生活成本太高而不想要生孩子。”

此前,也有网民形容生养孩子如同“马拉松赛”,要不要生孩子,是很私人的决定,但是决定过程也经过多方面的考量,包括:在高生活水平的新加坡,一个年轻家庭的开销;政府亲外来人才的政策,都可能影响孩子未来就业和前途是否稳定的机会成本。

政策、生活成本等因素影响生育意愿

新加坡国立大学社会学家陈恩赐副教授表示,出生率的下降趋势将普遍持续,这是一个值得关注的问题,因为要确保维持充足的经济活力,并支持老龄化人口,补充人口是必须的。

新加坡社会科学院社会学家康顺雄指出,出生率反映了当前的社会经济趋势,如更多的年轻人选择单身、晚婚和高龄产子等。

新加坡国立大学家庭和人口研究中心主任杨李唯君教授指出,由于世界数位破坏所带来的不确定性增加,全球金融波动和气候变化也带来了一定的影响力。“(这些因素)可能促使夫妻更仔细考虑,是否要将婴儿带到这个世界来。”

去年首次生产的母亲中位数年龄为30.6岁,而2009年则为29.7岁。杨李唯君认为这个数据本身就很令人担忧,因为生育率会随着年龄的增长而下降。

37岁的助理艺术指导莫哈默法汉(Mohammed Farhan Hassan)及其妻子,一名33岁的老师在去年迎来了一个女儿。“我们在2017年结婚,并且在之前认识了三年,所以我们在年纪稍大时,才迎来了一个孩子。”

这对夫妻想要再有一个孩子。“我们主要担心的是,我们是否能够在家人和工作上取得平衡,但我相信我们可以解决这个问题的。”

新加坡管理大学社会学(实践)教授Paulin Straughan指出,雇主应该给予更多帮助,以协助员工取得平衡点。“人力资源部应该审查他们的评估框架,确保我们没有过分奖励和鼓励过于投入工作行列。”

她补充说,如果出生率持续下降,我国可能不得不检视其对移民问题的立场,但那应该是最后的选择了。

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