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马国会提修宪议案 复砂沙为“邦”与马来半岛平起平坐

by Yee Loon
10/03/2019
in 东南亚, 政治, 新闻, 时事, 马来西亚
Reading Time: 1 min read
0

邻国马来西亚国会将在明日召开,将寻求通过两项修宪案,其中最为瞩目的,即是修改的宪法和法令包括《联邦宪法》第1(2)条文,以恢復沙巴和砂拉越这两个州属,作为“邦”(Wilayah)的地位,让沙砂与马来亚半岛平起平坐。

马国内阁日前议决将动议修宪,恢复沙巴,砂拉越与马来亚的平等地位,一旦修宪成功,沙巴与砂拉越将不再只是“州属”。

不过,根据马国法律, 修宪案需获得国会中2/3议员的支持,才能顺利通过,之后交由国家元首御准,並在宪报上颁布,方能生效成为正式法律。

马国国会目前有222议席,不过目前执政联盟希盟仅掌握125席,当中计有公正党50席、行动党42席、土团党22席及诚信党11席,加上沙巴民兴党9席,共134席,以此推算,距离修宪所需尚差14席。

去年经历509变天后,砂拉越国阵成员党宣布退出国阵,并另组织砂拉越政党联盟(GPS)。

由于恢復沙砂地位攸关东马两州,砂拉越首席部长拿督巴丁宜阿邦佐哈里已于週六(9日)表明,將指示砂政党联盟所有18名国会议员,需全力支持修宪。预料若全体砂拉越国会议员支持,料能达致超过2/3的修宪要求。

1976年修宪失平等地位

1974年,砂沙放弃了对石油和天然气主权,拱手让给国油(Petronas)。

当时出台了1974年石油发展法令,无论岸上或岸外石油和天然气,都归国油公司所有,而后者必须支付5巴仙石油税给中央和州政府。

1976年,马国曾经历一次修宪,导致砂拉越及沙巴从原本的平等伙伴,降为13州之一,而沙砂国阵成员党的议员都投票支持修宪。

但是随着近年来,沙巴和砂拉越自主意识抬头,当地本土政党和民间呼吁检讨1963年建国契约的呼声越来越烈,包括要求把石油税提升到20巴仙、公平分配发展资源以及认可沙巴砂拉越自治权。

沙巴砂拉越政党也着手推动争取自主权的进程,积极与联邦探讨联邦宪法下赋予砂拉越和沙巴的权力和地位等。

 

 

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