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“别把公民挡在厨房外” 施仁乔:“建设民主社会”誓言仍待实践

by Yee Loon
31/10/2018
in Main story, 政治, 新闻, 时事
Reading Time: 1 min read
0

香港浸会大学新闻系教授施仁乔(Cherian George)认为,虽然第一代领导人把“建设民主社会”的期许,载入《新加坡国家信约》,但是多年来其意义已经沦为空谈。

他形容,人民行动党比较属意的民主模式,是把公民“挡在厨房外,让专业的厨师来料理”。新加坡只实践透过选举授权的民主政府最简化模式,导致未能充分发挥民主建设的潜力。

他补充,公民在《信约》中不仅宣誓将保护和维护民主结构,同时也有义务不间断地参与建设民主社会的工作。

公民有责任参与建设民主工作

他把新加坡政府与垄断企业向比较,后者同时也是监管者,其地位甚至不受市场概念动摇。

“这种模式已经损害了决策的质量,政府作为国家建设者,这个政治本钱的损失本可避免。同时,婉拒公民的参与,似乎和《信约》所有国人都是国家建设者的呼声,显得格格不入。”

施仁乔也是南洋理工大学前副教授,在2014年8月到香港浸会大学执教。他受邀出席本月26日,于金沙酒店举行的李光耀公共政策学院政策研究所(IPS)30周年庆,与通讯及新闻部兼交通部高级政务部长普杰立医生同台探讨《多元化管理的政治》议题。

施仁乔说,人民行动党具备的一项传统优势,是作为在不同竞争团体中普遍中立裁判的声誉。“因为在社会内部纠纷中,即便不一定喜欢它,至少愿意相信他这个裁判。在某种程度上,人民行动党是独裁的:至少它是一个机会均等的独裁者。“

但他提醒,这种传统优势在今日已不再那么有效,例如行动党在移民课题管理不善,已损害了他身为国人利益守护者的声誉,致使她不得不在2011年选举后调整移民政策。

普杰立(左)和施仁乔针对社会多元化议题同台演讲。(图源:雅虎新闻,Jacky Ho, for the Institute of Policy Studies, NUS)

“选择性的干预”

在问答环节中,施仁乔则形容,行动党在处理特定课题,也显现”保守式进步主义”的政治光谱。

“一些推动进步议程的社运份子不是受阻、就是被列入黑名单,甚至影响了他们的就业前景。在某些课题政府已经选择站在保守团体这边,充当“有偏见的裁判”,去对付那些社运份子。”

不过,通讯及新闻高级部长普杰立医生则不认同施仁乔的说法,指出前述所提的许多议题,都涉及到作出社会能接受的务实的政治抉择。他认为,政府减少强制干预,人们在一些社会议题和进程中有参与感,至少是53年来的积极进步。

但施仁乔则反问,那么政府是否能在一些课题减少强制干涉?例如不需要去审查和干预那些想争取性少数权益、废死等各种课题的社会运动。

“如果政府有诚意让社会进步,那么政府就该好好观察,并且和社会一起同进退。让社群自己去进化,无需去阻挠那些想向其他市民宣扬不同理念的社运份子。”

君子和而不同   多元理念是社会活力

施仁乔说,他很肯定“站对边”的社运份子,不会在于相同的阻挠和惩罚。

普杰立医生则不认同国人追求多元政治理念上受到阻挠。“多元化是我们的优势,但必须以能成为国家力量的前提下管理,这确实需要信任感和为共同愿景合作的能力。”

施仁乔在稍早时,则希望第四代领导人在接手政权时能“对自己有信心”,降低对民间思想自由的阻碍。

他认为,深植社会和文化中的多元文化热情,远胜于表象民族服饰和多元料理的肤浅。不仅能让游客赞叹,更重要的是,让新加坡人理解到多元差异即是活力的来源,而不是被当作缺陷。

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