SINGAPORE: Senior Minister Lee Hsien Loong has warned that shrinking electoral margins may constrain the government’s ability to make long-term decisions.

Speaking at the Annual Public Service Leadership Ceremony, SM Lee Hsien Loong warned that if the People’s Action Party (PAP) continues to lose electoral support, the government will have “less political space to do the right things.” He explained that as electoral margins narrow, it becomes increasingly difficult to ignore short-term pressures, which could significantly change the political landscape.

“Singaporeans must understand the dangers this creates, and so must the public service,” SM Lee stressed. He pointed out that Singapore faces formidable internal and external challenges in the years ahead, with rising expectations and demands from citizens. As growth becomes harder to achieve and politics becomes more fiercely contested, he warned, “Things can go wrong for Singapore too.” He urged vigilance in preparing for an uncertain future, noting, “As the world changes, and as the generations change, we must do our best to renew our system – to ensure that it continues to work well for us, even as things change.”

The PAP saw a marked drop in its vote share in the 2020 General Election, securing 61.24% of the vote and 83 out of 93 seats, down from 69.9% in 2015. A significant loss was that of Sengkang GRC to the Workers’ Party (WP), where the PAP’s team, led by former Minister Ng Chee Meng, was defeated.

Fiscal Responsibility and Governance

Reflecting on Singapore’s governance, SM Lee credited its success over the past six decades to good policies, political leadership, and a strong public service. He emphasized the need for cooperation between the public service and ministers to maintain stability, noting, “This is how we have been able to maintain political stability and deliver good government.”

SM Lee contrasted Singapore’s approach with that of other countries, where politicians often avoid difficult decisions to retain support, leading to populism. “Thankfully, Singapore has been an exception to this rule,” he said.

He pointed to the government’s decision to raise the Goods and Services Tax (GST) as an example of responsible governance. While acknowledging that the two-stage increase—from 7% to 8% in 2023 and from 8% to 9% in 2024—would likely cost the ruling party votes, SM Lee explained that it was necessary to fund rising healthcare costs for an ageing population.

“It was a political decision to minimise the impact on the public, even though it created twice the administrative overheads. But doing it in two steps acknowledged the public’s concerns about the tax increase,” SM Lee said. However, public perception holds that the phased hike led to greater price inflation than if it had been implemented all at once.

Public Service and Leadership

In his speech, SM Lee also called on the public service to remain committed to its mission of serving Singaporeans. He urged public service leaders to lead by example, saying, “You have to set the tone and direction in your respective organisations.” He emphasized that the public service and political leadership must continue working together to address key challenges, including public transport, immigration, and income inequality.

SM Lee concluded by underscoring the importance of maintaining high-quality political leadership and a dedicated public service to ensure Singapore remains exceptional. “Together, the political leadership and the public service can come up with good policies, persuade Singaporeans to support them, and make the policies succeed,” he said.

Head of Civil Service Leo Yip echoed SM Lee’s concerns about shrinking political margins and praised his leadership in creating the political space necessary for difficult decisions. Yip stressed that the public service must support the government’s longer-term objectives, even amid increasing complexity.

“Senior Minister Lee led the way in convincing Singaporeans about the tough choices we had to make,” Yip said, emphasizing that it is the public service’s duty to think beyond their respective organisations and act in the national interest. “Our role is to steer and guide our colleagues to think and act as One Public Service,” he added.

Sengkang GRC and Political Opposition

The PAP’s defeat in the newly introduced Sengkang GRC marked a significant moment in the 2020 General Election, with Associate Professor Jamus Lim of the Workers’ Party winning a seat.

During a live debate, Assoc Prof Lim openly challenged SM Lee’s assertion that the election would give the PAP a mandate to lead the country through the crisis.

“The truth is, the PAP, in all likelihood, would have this mandate by the end of this election,” Assoc Prof Lim said, drawing laughter from those present.

He clarified that the WP was not trying to deny the PAP its mandate but rather prevent it from receiving “a blank cheque” in Parliament. “That is what I think this election is about,” he remarked.

Despite losing Sengkang GRC and securing 61.24% of the vote, the PAP continues to hold a super-majority in Parliament (over two-thirds of the seats), ensuring it cannot be blocked from amending the Constitution.

Assoc Prof Lim’s perspective may have contributed to WP’s success in Sengkang, as residents saw the election as an opportunity to ensure greater accountability from the ruling party. His team’s victory underscored the growing desire among voters for more balanced representation in Parliament.

The inconsistent application of the Protection from Online Falsehoods and Manipulation Act (POFMA) by government ministers has once again come into question.

Despite repeated requests for clarification from National Development Minister Desmond Lee, no explanation has been provided regarding the disparity in how POFMA has been applied.

The issue arose when Channel News Asia (CNA) published an article on 27 August 2024 in which Associate Professor Nicholas Sim incorrectly claimed that the Lease Buyback Scheme computes sales proceeds based on a “straight-line depreciation.”

In response, the Housing and Development Board (HDB) directly engaged CNA, leading to a quiet correction of the article on 2 September 2024 without the issuance of a POFMA correction direction.

In contrast, TOC and other independent media outlets have been swiftly subjected to POFMA correction directions, often without prior engagement or clarification.

POFMA Orders Against TOC, Yee Jenn Jong, and Leong Sze Hian

TOC, for instance, was recently targeted with POFMA orders issued by Minister Desmond Lee on 30 August for reporting on similar topics related to housing grants and government policies.

These orders came just days after POFMA directions were issued to former Non-Constituency Member of Parliament (NCMP) Yee Jenn Jong and Mr Leong Sze Hian.

On 26 August 2024, Mr Yee received a POFMA correction direction for his Facebook posts questioning the MND’s actions during the Aljunied-Hougang Town Council (AHTC) saga. Mr Yee had suggested that the ministry’s decision to withhold grants and engage external auditors was politically motivated. Mr Lee, responding belatedly a month after the posts, claimed that Mr Yee’s statements were “false and misleading,” leading to the correction direction.

On the same day, Mr Leong Sze Hian was issued a POFMA correction direction for discussing means-testing of housing grants in a Facebook post on 21 August. Though Mr Leong acknowledged the existence of income ceilings, MND accused him of making misleading statements and required him to add a correction notice.

The Question of Fairness and Transparency

After reaching out to the Ministry of National Development (MND) and the Minister himself to ask if CNA was given a chance to amend their article without facing the legal consequences of POFMA, MND confirmed that HDB engaged CNA directly to correct the misleading information without issuing a POFMA correction direction.

As for the query on the POFMA application, TOC was simply directed to the POFMA website (https://www.pofmaoffice.gov.sg/resources/) without any further clarification.

There has been no reply from the Minister to clarify this glaring discrepancy of issuance of POFMA directions.

Why was CNA given the opportunity to quietly amend its article without facing a POFMA order, while independent outlets like TOC and individuals such as Mr Yee and Mr Leong faced immediate correction directions? Is it because it would have been embarrassing for state-owned media to receive a POFMA direction and have a correction notice displayed prominently on its front page?

This discrepancy raises serious concerns about fairness and transparency in the application of the law.

During the debate on POFMA’s introduction in 2019, Minister for Home Affairs and Law, K Shanmugam, emphasized that the law would not be used to suppress content simply because it might be embarrassing.

He stated, “It could be embarrassing, but that is an irrelevant consideration. The primary factors, as far as the Bill is concerned, is it has got to be false, and it has got to be of public interest.”

He also stressed that if a Minister abused POFMA to suppress content, it would lead to “greater embarrassment” if challenged in court.

The courts have grappled with interpreting statements targeted by POFMA.

In two key cases, Singapore Democratic Party v. Attorney-General and TOC v. Attorney-General, the courts raised questions about whether statements should be considered in context and whether they can have multiple interpretations.

In SDP, the court took context into account, acknowledging multiple reasonable interpretations, while in TOC, a more literal interpretation was used, largely excluding context. This inconsistency highlights the lack of a clear standard for POFMA enforcement and raises concerns that the law could be applied selectively, allowing certain statements to be misinterpreted without considering their broader context.

These rulings reveal gaps in POFMA’s application, challenging the assurances by Minister Shanmugam in 2019 that POFMA would not be abused for personal or political reasons.

Unfortunately, the current approach seems to fall short of ensuring fairness, with Ministers retaining broad powers to interpret statements and issue POFMA directions without consistent judicial oversight.

Minister Lee’s Reputation at Stake

With 10 POFMA correction directions issued to date, Minister Desmond Lee has become the second-most frequent issuer of POFMA orders, just behind Minister K Shanmugam.

Given Mr Lee’s slim 51.68% vote share in the last General Election, he should be particularly mindful of how his actions are perceived by the public.

The selective application of POFMA, especially when state-backed media like CNA are given more leniency than independent platforms, could damage his personal reputation ahead of the upcoming GE which must be held before November 2025.

The silence from Mr Lee on these issues only deepens concerns about the unequal enforcement of POFMA.

The public is left to question whether the law is truly being applied fairly in the public interest or merely as a tool to silence dissenting voices while shielding state media from public embarrassment.