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维持宗教和谐修法昨三度通过 毕丹星:尚穆根当年曾质疑政府或不理性行使权力

自1992年生效以来,《维持宗教和谐法》(MRHA)首次进行修订,修法草案在昨日于国会三读通过。修法范围包括更新和扩大限制令范围、防范外国势力干预、推出社区关系修复措施、以及伤害宗教或种族情绪的刑罚加倍等。

在防范外国势力干预方面,该法修法后,要求宗教团体如接受来自外国的捐款一万新元以上,必须向政府申报和披露信息;宗教团体领导职位,都应由公民或永久居民担任。

修法后将扩大限制令(RO)权限,可勒令在社交媒体的煽动性内容撤下,以及对违反宗教和谐条例的人发出限制令,可立即生效,无需等政府发出意向通知的14天后。

不过,法案的社区关系修复措施(Community Remedial Initiative)也让那些冒犯他人信仰者有机会补救双方关系,包括向受害者道歉道歉、参加跨宗教活动等。

至于侮辱、煽动他人仇视其他宗教团体、宗教暴力等在《刑事法典》下和宗教相关罪行,也纳入《维持宗教和谐法》下,即使境外犯罪者也会被对付;至于那些涉及相关罪行者刑罚将增至两倍。

在限制令方面,尚穆根强调修法并不是要限制言论,部长也不是唯一裁决者,在发出限制令后,还得经过宗教和谐总统理事会审查。

尚穆根当年曾质疑政府可能不理性行使权力

工人党秘书长暨阿裕尼集选区议员毕丹星,强调种族宗教和谐宽容乃国家重要价值观,并不反对修法。不过他提醒在1990年,还是后座议员的尚穆根,参与《维持宗教和谐法》立法辩论时,曾质疑分权问题,政府可能不理性行使权力。

他指出,当年要立法通过上述法案,也不是没有争议,正是在“1987年马克思主义阴谋事件”发生后一个月,才提出要立此法的概念,也引来宗教团体和几位部长关注和争议。

对此,尚穆根称自己当时“还年少单纯”,以为任何纠纷都能透过法律途径解决。但经过30年历练,让他理解现实没那么简单。他举例,巴厘岛爆炸案主谋在审讯中仍发表极端言论,结果嫌犯仍成了社群中的“烈士”,无助缓解紧张局势。

此外,毕丹星也指出,在上届大选有宗教领袖出现在总理李显龙身旁,让人难免有“宗教领袖为政治人物拉票”的印象;而接近选举时,政客受邀出席宗教活动也可能被视为,间接号召信徒支持某党。

而工人党主席林瑞莲则提问,如果有宗教领袖呼吁信徒在选举中“投稳定一票”,是否妥当?

对此尚穆根称“宗教领袖同样享有公民政治权利”,“要清楚划清界限很难,但我同意他们谨言慎行,不戴党派色彩眼镜”;至于部长是否应出席宗教活动,他认为视乎活动宗旨,如活动是为庆祝国家里程碑可与民同欢,没必要因临近选举而拒绝受邀。

 

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