Saturday, 23 September 2023

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内政团队科技局12月成立 议员提醒“科技是把双刃剑”

在过去两天的国会中,除了周一通过的《防火安全(修正)法案》,国会也通过《点对点载客业法案》以及《内政团队科技局法案》。

其中《内政团队科技局法案》将促成今年12月,成立新的内政团队科技局。

内政部将提升对于科技开发的投入,计划从2019财年的9.79亿新元,提升至2025年的19亿新元。而支持提升科技技术的关键举措,就是成立一个专门的科技机构。

据了解,内政部有意招揽内政团队中不同部门约1300名科研与科技人才,专注进行有关罪案防范和紧急反应等科技研发。

人力部长暨内政部第二部长杨莉明声称,科技局将为一些新岗位另招聘科学家和工程师,有望为国人创造就业机会。

她也解释,科技局是内政团队转型的重要环节,科技局需确保科研与科技投资增加能带来效益,而内政团队的操作环境需求亦有别于其他政府单位,所以一些科研创新方面,也必须量身定做。

内政团队也将设立一个中央内政团队操作中心,例如在面对恐袭等事件,重心负责协调紧急应对方案,并运用科技加强各单位沟通。

王丽婷忧长期监控下影响国民心理素质

不过,也有议员在辩论时提出,提升科技监控国民的隐忧。其中官委议员王丽婷就警惕,“科技是把双刃剑”,用以防范罪案于未然的科技,也同样可能对国民的心理和隐私造成影响。

她举例,去年新科工程获得750万新元价值的工程,在全岛安装约11万各具有人工智能功能的监控摄像,可以识别人脸、年龄、族群和岁数,透过这些监控资讯,政府部门可以迅速针对诸如不守法公民、地铁故障、交通事故等迅速反应,也能敦促一般市民切莫以身试法。

“然而,我们需切记,公民的福祉不仅只限于人身安全。”王丽婷引述牛津大学数码伦理研究所(Digital Ethics Lab)在2018年的研究,监控和压力、疲劳感和焦虑感的提升有关联。长期监控也会营造一个令人感觉失去个人掌控能力的环境。

她也指出,其他研究也显示长期处在监控也会带来长期伤害,形成自我审查的心态,和抑制创意和创新能力。故此,他敦促内政部在设立新部门同时,必须顾虑到街头维安监控和人民群众心理之间的平衡。

王丽婷在总结时,说无可否认人工智能、机械和5G科技对于执法会带来变革,但同时也应反思“不做亏心事不用怕”,又或者“宁枉勿纵”这类论述的迷思,以及要打造一个怎样的新加坡社会?是一有危机邻里守望相助?还是只能依靠冷冰冰摄像头,把维护安全完全交给政府负责?

“我们是否希望,先有政府树立透明和问责的典范,奠立社会契约的基石建立人民和政府之间的信任,打造一个尊重隐私的文化?又或者是一个基于恐惧和不信任的社会文化?”

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