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菲国扫毒执法过度涉人权疑虑 联合国通过决议调查

by 林殊
12/07/2019
in 东南亚, 人权, 新闻, 时事
Reading Time: 1 min read
0

菲律宾总统杜特蒂(Rodrigo Duterte)自2016年开始强硬扫毒,近期更是将扫毒行动升级,发生扫毒行动期间3岁女童丧命案件,引发侵害人权疑虑。

据路透社报道,6月30日,黎萨省一名年仅3岁的女童米卡(Myca Ulpina)在扫毒行动中,遭警方击毙,引发社会哗然。警方当时宣称孩子的父亲(Renato)以米卡作为“人肉盾牌”,而警方则将父亲的行为视为反抗,才会开枪射杀。

然而,米卡的母亲却指控警方,当时他们并没有把小孩当盾牌。据悉,事发期间她们一家人都在睡觉,警方却在没有搜索令的情况下强行闯入房屋,而其中一颗流弹正好击中无辜的米卡,夺走她性命。她难过地说,“我的女儿才不是什么附带损害。”

神父比亚努维瓦(Flavie Villanueva)在米卡的葬礼上表示,“我已经无法计算自己为扫毒而受害的死者办了多少场葬礼,不过在这些葬礼上,我发现他们都是手无缚鸡之力的贫民百姓。“

他也向米卡哀悼,“抱歉米卡,我无法保护你,抱歉,你出身在一个杀戮猖獗、把贫穷当成攻击目标的世界,抱歉他们对你说,你只不过是过程中的“附带伤害”。

(图源:路透社)

意外发生之后,当局下令,当天参与缉毒行动的20名警察暂停职务,接受调查,但也有民意代表为警察辩解。

对此,参议员德拉罗沙(Senator Ronald Dela Rosa)则感叹回应,“在执行任务时,烂事总是会发生,我能坦白在执行任务时,总是会有事情发生, 总是会有一些附带伤害”,以为警方的行为辩护。

已有逾100名儿童遇害

自2016年以来,杜特蒂以强硬暴力的作风清扫毒品交易行为,警方被赋予绝对的权力打击毒贩。据官方数据显示,已有6600人在扫毒行动中丧生,但根据维权团体统计,已高达27,000人,宣称他们均因拒捕反击才被击毙。

而在这次意外中,米卡则成为警方在扫毒行动中的“附带损品”。据菲律宾儿童人权团体向人权观察表示,自反毒行动于2016年6月启动至今,已有超过100名儿童遇害。

其他类似的案件如2018年7月4岁的斯凯勒・阿巴塔约(Skyler Abatayo)和2016年8月5岁的丹妮卡・梅・加西亞(Danica May Garcia)遇害案件已遭联合国儿童基金会(UNICEF)及其他机构谴责。

有些孩子本身也成为目标而遭杀害,其中最恶名昭彰的案件是17岁少年基恩・狄洛斯・桑托斯(Kian delos Santos),由监视录像可见他被警察拖走,后来被发现死在猪圈里。基恩案是迄今唯一有警员因“反毒战争”杀人而被定罪的案件。

菲律宾维权人士则表示警方一直将目标锁定在贫穷族群,仅使用了简略的“观察名单”来断定他们的嫌疑,甚至透过钓鱼行动处决他们。

联合国通过决议,对菲律宾反毒战争展开调查

以冰岛为首等20多个国家在4日向联合国提起草案,要求联合国人权理事会(UNHRC)针对菲律宾的反毒战争展开调查。 总部位于瑞士日内瓦的联合国人权理事会将12日结束为期3周的会议,预计在此之前将表决这项议案。

菲律宾总统发言人帕内洛(Salvador Panelo)表示,他国呼吁调查是对菲律宾国家主权的“无耻干涉”(outrageous interference)。

联合国人权理事会昨日(11日)通过一项决议,针对菲律宾总统杜特尔特血腥扫毒展开调查。

该项决议在投票决议时,以些微差距通过,获18国支持、14国反对,另有15国弃权。

根据《BBC》报道,该项决议旨在敦促政府防止法外处决,也是联合国人权理事会首次被要求处理反毒战争引发的人权危机。

菲律宾政府强烈反对该决议表示,菲律宾外交部长長陸辛(Teodoro Locsin, Jr.)表示,“我们拒绝接受单方面通过的决议,该项决议并不代表是人权争议的胜利而是非歪曲人权的定义。”

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