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总统提倡促进社会凝聚力 充分发挥新加坡的“甘榜精神”

by 林殊
10/07/2019
in 政治, 舆论
Reading Time: 1 min read
0

一名名为塔拉(译名,Tara Hasnain)的评论人,于昨日(9日)在《海峡时报》论坛赞赏总统哈莉玛应提倡社会凝聚力。

哈丽玛在近日的一场关于社会凝聚力的国际研讨会上致辞。

“真是非常正面的想法!”,作者塔拉说道。

文中写道,“新加坡无论在政治、社会、文化等领域都拥有很强的凝聚力,是一个非常适合居住的地方。尽管新加坡是不同种族与文化的大熔炉,却也是新加坡的强项之一。”

“感谢总统哈莉玛看见新加坡人民之间和平相处和快乐。我希望新加坡的能成为这个世界的新典范,不仅仅用国家稳定来衡量国家发展,更多的是社会韧性和人民的满足感,向全世界宣扬一个更具关怀和慈悲的理念。”

塔拉在文章中也指出,一个具有凝聚力的社会是可以激发人民与他人共享生活,促进邻里生活,充分发挥新加坡的“甘榜精神”(kampung spirit)。

最後,作者引用总统哈莉玛的说辞,“只有建立在相互信任的基础上才能创造更具凝聚力的社会,故人民才能踩在这基础上建立更好的未来。而这份信任必须基于人民之间的凝聚,不是分裂;是团结,不是不和;是尊重,而不是猜疑;是建立沟通桥梁和足够的空间讨论,而不是分隔墙与了望台。

哈丽玛总统参选期间的争议

讽刺的是,哈莉玛在参选总统期间却引起新加坡社会不同的声音。支持哈莉玛当选的皆有草根人民和商业人士。

2017年9月13日,哈莉玛成为此届唯一的总统候选人,新加坡人民的投票复决权进一步被架空,以致失去投选总统机会。新加坡选举官走过场地宣布哈莉玛自动当选,哈莉玛于9月14日宣誓就职成为非民选的民选总统,正式接替陈庆炎。

“我是所有人的总统,无论是何种种族、语言、信仰和宗教。我代表的是全部人。尽管没有透过任何选举胜出,我仍承诺为我国子民服务”,当时哈丽玛胜出后的致辞。

当时许多商业人士与草根群体为哈莉玛的上献上恭贺。

例如,新加坡工商联合总会(Singapore Business Federation)以“收获丰盛”的字词表达恭贺,并表示期待能够与哈丽玛和旗下团队合作,为社会创造互惠互利的关系。另外,新加坡宗乡会馆联合总会(Singapore Federation of Chinese Clan Associations)也表示透过他以往的政治背景的广度与深度,绝对能成为我国国家发展上很重要的社会资本。

“华人社会非常相信在哈莉玛女士的带领下,新加坡将持续蓬勃发展成更繁荣的国家。”

但当初欲参选却因资格不符而无法参选的沙里馬里肯(Mohd Salleh Marican)指出,2017年的总统大选是充满分裂性的一次选举。

此次大选是为马来族群保留的选举,只有马来裔有资格参选,参选人必须交付资格证书、马来族群证明,及政治捐款证书等文件。

原定参选者包括前国会议长哈莉玛(Halimah Yacob)、波旁海事公司亚太区执行主席法立(Farid Khan)、第二房地产集团创办人兼总裁沙里马里肯(Mohd Salleh Marican)及阿都拉欣(Abdul Rahim bin Osman)均表态参选,却因资格不符而最终决定弃选。

沙里表示,“这已经是分裂的前期,我希望她(总统哈丽玛)可以想办法将分裂合上。”

许多新加坡人民对此也颇有微词,认为政府在总统选举前修改宪法,是为了让哈莉玛能顺利当上总统。哈丽玛的父亲本身是印度种族。根据所修改的宪法,“间隙触发模式”(hiatus-triggered model)的总统选举必须优先给特定的族群,而2017年的总统选举则保留给较为弱势的马来族群。

2017年9月11日,选举部宣布哈莉玛是唯一一个符合资格参选人员。9月13日,她自动当选成为新一任总统,隔日宣誓就职成为非民选的民选总统。

2016年通过修宪增第19B条

就在三年前,国会以77赞成票对六反对票,三读通过新加坡宪法(修正)法案,增加第19B条文:

19B-(1)如长达最近五届,未有某一族群人士担任总统,总统竞选资格将保留给该族群。

而根据宪法,族群指的是:

(a)华人;
(b)马来人;;或
(c)印度人或其他少数民族;

其中,“属马来社群人士”,指的是有关人士是马来族群、或认为自己属于马来族群、或普遍被该族群接受为马来族群的一份子。

政府认为,经历黄金辉、王鼎昌、纳丹(两任)和现任总统陈庆炎后,已出现五任总统都不是马来族的情况。

尽管哈莉玛并不算是马来族群,但她认定自己为马来族群,且认定自己“普遍为马来族群接受,成为马来族群的一员”。

(图源:路透社)
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