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路透社:马国去年10月实施海沙出口禁令 或影响大士港填海

by Yee Loon
03/07/2019
in 新闻, 时事, 环境, 马来西亚
Reading Time: 1 min read
0

ST report on Ris Low uses a big brush to paint all netizens. Ganga Sudhan.

根据《路透社》引述马来西亚官员消息指出,马国自去年10月开始,禁止出口海沙到新加坡,可能影响开发大士(Tuas)巨型港口的填海工程。

路透社指两名马国高级官员透露,在马国首相马哈迪上任后五个月,就实施上述出口禁令,因后者不满海沙出口被一些腐败官员牟利,再者马国土地被用来扩展狮城海岸。

至于马国首相新闻秘书恩迪沙兹里( Endie Shazlie Akbar,)也确认,马国政府去年禁止出口沙子,是为了打击非法走私沙子的行为,但不是因为马哈迪不满狮城的填海计划。

路透社称,为避免外交风波,马国政府并未公开上述禁令。

另一方面,新加坡国家发展部未直接回应有关马国沙子出口禁令,仅强调我国有多个国家供应沙子来源,政府也一直鼓励该行业减少对沙子的依赖。

至于不愿具名的两位新加坡沙子进口商,表示沙子来源越来越稀缺,我国甚至必须远从印度进口,导致成本增加,单单运输费就是进口沙的最大单项成本。

他们透露,近年新加坡囤积沙子,以缓解突发的供应瓶颈。

由于沙产业不透明,也没有国家价格参照,致使很难衡量禁令对马国经济的影响。

联合国数据:去年狮城进口马国近六千吨沙子

根据联合国商品数据库(COMTRADE),2018年,新加坡从马国进口5千900万吨沙子,费用高达3.47亿美元,着占了新加坡在2018年沙子进口总量的97巴仙;占马国全球沙子销售量的95巴仙。不过,数据并未明细分出沙子种类。

1990年代马哈迪任相时期,也曾实施过类似海沙禁令,加强了对河口和河口沙子出口的监管。

2007年,印尼则以环境考量为由禁止出口沙子到新加坡,致使我国面对“沙子危机”,一些建筑活动几乎停止。此后,新加坡就开始加强沙子库存。

过度采砂导致许多亚洲贫困地区付出环境代价,影响生态污染水源,间接也让以捕鱼为业者生计受影响。

不过,新加坡曾抱怨印尼企图利用禁令,作为引渡条约和边界划分谈判的筹码。

工程教授C.M王则指出,新加坡已填了近岸陆棚(continental shelf),意味着需要填海的海底深度增加,新加坡会需要更多的沙子,或者新的填海方法,例如圩田技术(polder)或“大型浮动结构”。

再者,新加坡拓展的脚步还在加速。

2018年,新加坡国土就增加了2.7平方公里,也是近10年来最大的土地扩张。其中一个最大的填海工程,就是大士巨型港口,预计在2040年完工。

新加坡海事和港口管理局发言人告诉路透社:“除了沙子,该局还使用各种来源的材料来填海,例如用来疏浚航道的材料。

根据今年4月份8视界新闻报导,大士港口第一阶段的填海相关工程,已完成四分之三。预计2021年完成,料耗子18亿美元。

在第一阶段的发展中,约294公顷是填海地段,主要采用的是再循环泥土。

新加坡海事及港务管理局工程与项目管理署长兼总工程师谭伟华表示:“除了采用疏浚填土之外,我们还采用其它土地建设项目的挖取材料,这让我们为第一、二阶段的工程分别减少了约70%和50%的填沙量,也节省了约20亿新元的成本。”

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