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我们真得需要樟宜机场第五航站吗?

by Yee Loon
18/04/2019
in 舆论, 观点
Reading Time: 1 min read
0

新加坡樟宜机场目前的每月客流量,平均超过546万,处理的的班机次数也多达3万2000趟次。

过去,樟宜机场可应付的搭客负荷达8200万人次,随着第四航站完成,放眼2020年能达到8500万。去年,该机场客容量突破6560万人次,仅达总搭客人次负荷的77巴仙。

而本地空管机构则披露,现有的机场跑道几乎是全力运作(约90巴仙,每年处理43万趟次的航班)。若第三跑道在2020年中期投入运作,预计还能再提升40巴仙的负荷能力。但即便如此,三条跑道同时运作,最大也只能负荷60万航班趟次,也即大约1.02亿的客流量。

樟宜机场第五航站设立后,放眼客容量能增至1亿3500万人次,使樟宜机场成为全球最大的机场之一。

交通部长许文远曾指出,将耗资上百亿元发展的第五搭客大厦,实际上是我国的第二个樟宜机场,将使我国机场的容量增加将近一倍。

不过,本地政治工作者毕博渊在进行分析后,质疑我国是否还有必要再增设樟宜机场第五航空站?

毕博渊整理了樟宜机场自启用以来的建设开支:

  • 樟宜机场四个航站占地1千350公顷。
  • 第一航站在1981年启用,造价少于10亿元。近年来则经过不少次翻修:1995年(1.7亿元);1999年(4.2亿元)以及2013年的五亿元。
  • 坐落于第一航站的星耀樟宜,耗资17亿元
  • 1990年,启用第二航站,耗资8.38亿元
  • 2008年,启用第三航站,耗资17.5亿元
  • 2017年,启用第四航站,耗资9.85亿元

毕博渊说,相当于过去至今,整个机场的建设用了73.6亿元的开支。(不包括将增设的额外跑道)

樟宜机场集团宣布委任三个咨询团队,担任樟宜机场第五搭客大厦主建筑顾问。
第五航站建设示意图,可见其占地规模与第一至第四航站的鲜明对比。(图源:8视界)

至于第五航站被看好将成为世界最大“巨无霸”搭客大厦之一。占地约1080公顷,几乎是怡丰城商场的10倍。未来预计每年可接待乘客量多达5000万至7000万人次。

毕博渊提醒,当局并未具体定下第五航站的预算,仅预估会超过上百亿元。

“建设第一至第四航站,樟宜机场整体开支用了73.6亿元。但是,何以第五航站规模稍小于现有机场,却动辄喊出上百亿元的开销?”

毕博渊就质问,政府花的每一分纳税钱,都应该最大化地令国人得益,钱怎么用,也应该被问责。他也不认为现在迫切需要第五航站,因为届时似乎不太可能找到足够的客流量使用之。

“这就好像翻遍整座森林,找齐所有拼图,但是但我们把公开所知的讯息拼凑起来时,却似乎数字不怎么合理?是否有任何航空或建筑业专家来指点我?”

全球繁忙机场排名樟宜机场第19

他列举出全球五大最繁忙机场:

  1. 亚特兰大哈兹菲尔德国际机场,五个跑道处理1.07亿客流量;89万5000趟班次;
  2. 北京首都国际机场,1.01亿客流量;
  3. 杜拜国际机场,8900万客流量;
  4. 洛杉矶国际机场,8750万客流量,以及;
  5. 东京羽田机场,8710万客流量。

他提起,新加坡在客流量繁忙程度,全球排名不过第19,还在香港(7459万客流量)、上海浦东机场、新德里、广州和雅加达苏加诺哈达机场(6690万客流量),都在樟宜机场之上。

至于亚特兰大一直高居榜首,是因为它是链接北美其他的地方的重要枢纽。该机场两小时航班的80巴仙都是为美国三亿人口服务。

中国作为蓬勃发展经济体,人口占全球18巴仙,印度亦是如此,其机场将日益繁忙是必然的。

我国区域航空枢纽地位受挑战

还有邻国印尼,每年经济成长超过2巴仙,全国有2.7亿人口,雅加达国际机场则成为国内外航班的重要枢纽。

相比之下,我国当前人口约570万,但国内生产总值(GDP)今年一直徘徊在2-3巴仙之间,随着邻国如马国、印尼、马尼拉和曼谷的崛起,我国作为区域航空枢纽的地位也备受挑战。

故此,毕博渊质问,我们是否真的有必要,兴建一个客容量1.35亿人次的机场?

他建议,若只是在第三航站旁,建一个增加200-250万客容量的第五航站,也不会超过40亿元,但足以提升整体机场客容量符合至1.05-1.1亿元,已经相当于全球最繁忙机场。

“那么,我们还可以把省下来的“上百亿元”,用在其他国家建设上,例如振兴旅游领域,让游客有真正前来游玩观光的理由,为本地人带来商机。”

他呼吁本土熟悉航空和建筑领域的有识之士一同关注此问题,也仔细分析建设第五航站,是否符合成本效益,“作为门外汉,我认为计划中的财务开销似乎不如想象中合理和谨慎。”

他担忧,计划的决策缺乏民众的知情和问责,樟宜机场第五航站可能会成为另一个“白象计划”,间接导致国家经济和人民财富缩水。

“顺带一提,中国在今年10月将启用全球规模最大的机场,耗资120亿美元(约160亿新元),还有四个跑道,并足以应付62万班机趟次和1亿的客容量。”

相比之下,当局打算投入“上百亿元”来打造仅仅一座第五航空站,其效益相比,可想而知。

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