Thursday, 28 September 2023

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新加坡能复制大马变天?(4) 不计肤色背景选贤任能 国人应走自己的民主路

历史学者覃炳鑫博士认为,新加坡无需仿效、复制大马的变天,新加坡拥有民主制度(尽管是有限的),从过去至今,在选择国家领导人方面,我们不计身份背景,推举出最优秀的领袖。新加坡应开拓自身的民主程式,避免用一群精英群体打倒现在的精英政治,而后却维持现状。

1998年的烈火莫熄运动,促成马国巫统内部的分裂。有者评论认为没有前巫统精英安华等人的出走和烈火莫熄,就不会有今天的马国变天。

不过,覃炳鑫对于前执政党精英群体接手政权,是否愿意放下精英手中特权,做到回归民权,变天对马国的长远影响仍有待观察。

覃炳鑫博士分析,巫统的定位是马来国族主义,但也可能被其他宣称自己更能代表马来任的政党取代,例如有许多前巫统领袖和敦马哈迪加入的土著团结党。这种情况不是马国独有,在其他国家也会如此。

已故总理李光耀曾说过,巫统的倒台不会带来天翻地覆,马来西亚马来精英主义,精英维持现状。巫统如果已成为负担,会有另外一群马来精英取而代之,但也会维持现状。谁会替代巫统?就是最为马来国族主义者,也是现今大马政经局势的始作俑者(指马哈迪)。”

敦马是否还权予民待观察

关键在于,他是否愿意清除掉那些利己的马来精英,来打造新大马?

覃炳鑫认为,马哈迪的真正意图还不明朗,有待观察。他是否因为前首相纳吉破坏了其朋党精英的现状,促成敦马和反对党联手推翻巫统,却借机来捍卫其朋党精英的权益。

有别于意识形态鲜明的巫统,人民行动党则以效率和表现自居。过去,对移民和外来人才政策的不满,曾在2011年选举发酵,在一些民生问题上处理失当,也常引民怨。但是,人民行动党对这些是有所准备的。

覃炳鑫提及,我国政府拥有丰厚储备金,为何不是用这些储备金来改善人民的福祉?毕竟都是纳税人的钱?实则,这大笔储备是作为该党在应对和化解任何危机的缓冲。

纳吉在面对危机时,总想办法到处拿钱,也引起挪用公款的诚信危机。但是在新加坡根本不需如此。

捍卫精英阶层优先

在新加坡,捍卫自身利益的精英群体,他们都有共同特征:男性、华裔、受英语教育、曾受奖学金和有军阶。他们被行销成有才干、有智慧、有表现绩效的精英。

“比起行政效率,如何保障精英群体的权益反而被摆在优先,我们看见那些符合这些条件的精英,表现欠佳却从未被惩罚,例如新加坡捷运。”

至于最有才干、最受欢迎的人选,就因为肤色不同,却不可能成为下一任总理。下一任总理必须来自一群无名、可替代的华裔。

为此,他希望民众去思考:假设现有执政党分裂出来的阵营愿意杠反旗,打倒执政党,是想打破现状开创新局,还是基于他们的精英利益被行动党破坏了?后者的出发点是不健康的,新的精英群体上台,很快他们就维持保卫自身利益的现状。

不过,尽管存在忧虑,覃炳鑫也看到希望存在于选民手中。“我发现有趣的现象:朝野政党中人气最高、备受遵从的领袖都是印度人(如来自行动党的尚达曼、民主党淡马亚和工人党的毕坦星)。”

人民选才不计肤色

他说,如果重温历史,过去我们曾经不计肤色、语言,把来自新加坡最少数群体的犹太裔大卫马绍尔推举为首长;人民推选的首位反对党议员J.B.惹耶勒南,是来自印度贾普的淡米尔人。

他认为,不论族群和语言,选出最优才华者,这是国人具备的很重要的民主价值观。

“我不确定我想仿效大马,因为马哈迪的作为,背后可能是想捍卫其精英马来群体的特权。我要的国家,是国民可以不计身份背景,唯才是举。有者建议我们仿效美式、德国、台湾的民主,但对我来说,我们也不需复制马来西亚(变天),我们应该走出属于新加坡的民主模式。”

覃炳鑫说,尽管选举制度仍有瑕疵,但是国人用选票做了最好的选择。50年代人民推举了大卫马绍尔,虽然最后他因无法达成其竞选承诺(向英国人争取完全自治)而主动辞职。值得一提的是,他是马来亚区域唯一一位因政治原则而辞职的领袖。其他人都是被其他因素被迫下台的。

而后人民在1959年遗弃林有福,冒险起用从未有执政经验的反对党接管自治政府(即今日的执政党),该党在初期确实证明其不负选民所托。

这种愿意承担风险、不计身份背景唯才是举,选出最佳执政团队,彰显的是选民的智慧和民主成熟度。

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